Understanding The Different eBike Classifications: A Comprehensive Guide

If you’re starting to explore electric bikes, you might be curious about terms such as Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3. What exactly do these classifications mean, and why do they matter? Understanding ebike classifications is the first step toward finding the perfect fit for your cycling adventures, whether you're looking for a leisurely ride or a speedy commute. In this article, we will break down the characteristics of each ebike class, explain the differences, and provide insights to help you make an informed decision.

What Are The eBike Classifications?

In the United States, electric bicycles are classified based on the top speed a bicycle can reach with pedal or throttle assistance. Bicycles with pedal assistance, also known as electric bikes, provide motor support only when you pedal. There are two classes of electric bicycles: Class 1 and Class 3. A Class 1 ebike can go up to 20 mph with motor assistance, while a Class 3 can reach top speeds of up to 28 mph with motor support. In addition to pedal-assist bikes, there are also throttle-assisted bikes, which are classified as Class 2 ebikes. Let’s start with the pedal-assist bicycles that we produce at Gazelle: Class 1 and Class 3.

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Comfort up to 20 mph

Class 1 eBikes

Class 1 electric bikes are pedal-assisted up to 20 mph. Riding a Class 1 electric bike feels like cycling with the benefit of a motor that assists your pedaling, creating an effortless and enjoyable experience similar to always having a tailwind. Bombing down a steep hill? You may surpass 20 mph thanks to momentum alone, but the electric motor assistance will cut out at 20 mph. In most states, the speed limit for multi-use paths is 15 mph, meaning even though Class 1 electric bikes can go faster, riders must adhere to the posted speed limit.

Class 1 ebikes are favored for their balance of assistance and cycling enjoyment, making them an excellent choice for both commuters and recreational riders.

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Performance up to 28 mph

Class 3 eBikes

Class 3 electric bikes are pedal-assisted up to 28 mph, making them the fastest “legal” electric bikes. Similar to Class 1 electric bikes, the motor will stop assisting once you reach the top speed. Class 3 electric bikes tend to have higher capacity batteries, measured in watt-hours (Wh), and more powerful motors to support longer rides and more demanding terrain or steeper gradients.

Due to these features, Class 3 ebikes are generally more expensive than Class 1 ebikes. Additionally, with a Class 3 ebike, you must adhere to more regulations since these ebikes can reach higher speeds. Regulations vary significantly at national, state, and local levels, so it's important to understand the rules specific to your location. Generally, you should be aware of where you are allowed to ride, the maximum permitted speed, required equipment like helmets and lights, and the rules regarding age, licensing, and insurance. In most parts of the US, riders must be at least 18 years old and wear a helmet.

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maximum assisted speed and legal usage

Difference Between a Class 1 eBike & Class 3 eBike

Class 1 and Class 3 ebikes are both electric bicycles, but they differ in speed capabilities and motor operation. Class 1 ebikes provide motor assistance up to 20 mph, while Class 3 ebikes assist up to 28 mph.

The primary distinctions lie in the maximum assisted speed and legal usage. Class 1 ebikes are more versatile, suitable for recreational use on trails and paths. In contrast, Class 3 ebikes are designed for faster commuting on roads.

Class 2 eBikes

Now onto something a little different—Class 2 bikes, also known as “low-speed throttle-assisted electric bicycles.” Class 2 electric bikes are throttle-powered, meaning a rider does not have to pedal to receive assistance from the motor. However, the maximum speed is capped at 20 mph. Here at Gazelle, we only manufacture Class 1 and Class 3 electric bikes because we believe pedaling is essential to enjoying the ride. If you are interested in learning more about the differences between these two systems, check out our post on hub drive vs. mid drive ebike motors.

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Try Out For Yourself Which eBike Class Suits You Best

Gazelle provides a diverse selection of electric bikes to suit various preferences and riding styles. Whether you need a Class 1 or Class 3 ebike, we have you covered. It's crucial to be aware of local regulations and laws regarding ebike classes and any potential upgrades. To experience Gazelle bikes firsthand, plan a visit to our Experience Center or visit your local store nearby. Here you can count on expert advice and personalized bike recommendations. 

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