eBike Classes: A Comprehensive Guide
If you’re starting to explore electric bikes, you might be curious about terms such as Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 ebikes. What exactly do these classifications mean, and why do they matter? Understanding ebike classifications is the first step toward finding the perfect fit for your cycling adventures.
In this article, we will break down the characteristics of each ebike class, explain the differences, and provide insights to help you make an informed decision.
In the United States, electric bicycles are classified based on the top speed a bicycle can reach with pedal or throttle assistance. Bicycles with pedal assistance, also known as pedal-assist electric bikes, provide motor support only when you pedal. There are two classes of electric bicycles: Class 1 and Class 3. A Class 1 ebike can go up to 20 mph with motor assistance, while a Class 3 can reach top speeds of up to 28 mph with motor support. In addition to pedal-assist bikes, there are also throttle-assisted bikes, which are classified as Class 2 ebikes.
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Class 1 eBikes offer pedal assist up to 20 mph, giving you that smooth, natural boost that feels like a constant tailwind. The motor only engages when you pedal and cuts out once you reach 20 mph. These bikes are allowed on most bike lanes and multi-use paths, making them ideal for commuters and casual riders who want comfort, control, and that effortless Gazelle ride.
Now onto something a little different—Class 2 bikes, also known as “low-speed throttle-assisted electric bicycles.” Class 2 electric bikes are throttle-powered, meaning a rider does not have to pedal to receive assistance from the motor. However, the maximum speed is capped at 20 mph.
Here at Gazelle, we only manufacture Class 1 and Class 3 electric bikes because we believe pedaling is essential for enjoying the ride. If you are interested in learning more about the differences between these two styles of ebikes, check out our post on hub drive vs. mid drive ebike motors.
Class 3 electric bikes are pedal-assisted up to 28 mph, making them the fastest “legal” electric bikes. Similar to Class 1 electric bikes, the motor will stop assisting once you reach the top speed. Class 3 electric bikes tend to have higher capacity batteries, measured in watt-hours (Wh), and more powerful motors to sustain the higher torque and speeds, support longer rides, and more demanding terrain or steeper gradients.
Due to these features, Class 3 ebikes are generally more expensive than Class 1 ebikes. Additionally, with a Class 3 ebike, you must adhere to more regulations since these ebikes can reach higher speeds. Regulations vary significantly at national, state, and local levels, so it's important to understand the rules specific to your location. Generally, you should be aware of where you are allowed to ride, the maximum permitted speed, required equipment like helmets and lights, and the rules regarding age, licensing, and insurance. In most parts of the US, riders must be at least 18 years old and wear a helmet to ride a Class 3 ebike.
Not all ebikes are the same — each class offers a different kind of ride. The main differences come down to how the motor assists you, the top speed, and where you can ride.
Here’s a quick guide to help you choose the class that fits your style:
Gazelle provides a diverse selection of electric bikes to suit various preferences and riding styles. Whether you need a Class 1 or Class 3 ebike, we have you covered. To experience Gazelle bikes firsthand, visit a certified dealer near you. Here, you can count on expert advice and personalized bike recommendations.
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